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Address Resolution Protocol ARP While communicating, a host needs Layer-2 MAC address of the destination machine which belongs to the same broadcast domain or network.

It breaks up packets into frames and sends them from source to destination.

When a host receives an ICMP-echo request, it is bound to send back an ICMP-echo-reply.

Learn more about character encoding methods ,.

This bit inform the sender that congestion has occurred.

This field is needed because the length of the header is variable.

What is the OSI Model? Media Access Control MAC : the MAC sublayer handles the assignment of a hardware identification number, called a MAC address, that uniquely identifies each device on a network.

The first 6 bits of the first byte makes up the first part of the DLCI.

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